Desafíos de la inteligencia artificial en la valoración de pruebas en el proceso civil
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Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Abstract
El presente artículo analiza los desafíos que enfrenta la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la valoración de pruebas digitales dentro del proceso civil en Colombia. A partir del estudio de decisiones judiciales emitidas entre 2022 y 2024, se examinan los principales obstáculos jurídicos y técnicos que surgen con la incorporación de estas tecnologías en el ámbito probatorio. Se abordan cuestiones como la falta de un marco regulatorio específico, el impacto en el debido proceso y la imparcialidad judicial, así como los riesgos asociados a los sesgos algorítmicos y la transparencia en la toma de decisiones. Además, se exploran los aspectos técnicos relacionados con la validez procesal de las pruebas digitales, la cadena de custodia y la verificación de pruebas generadas o analizadas mediante IA. Finalmente, el estudio identifica oportunidades y propone estrategias para fortalecer el uso de la IA en el sistema judicial, garantizando su aplicación dentro de principios de legalidad, equidad y seguridad jurídica.
This article analyzes the challenges faced by artificial intelligence (AI) in the valuation of digital evidence within the civil process in Colombia. Based on the study of judicial decisions issued between 2018 and 2024, the main legal and technical obstacles that arise with the incorporation of these technologies in the evidentiary field are examined. Issues such as the lack of a specific regulatory framework, the impact on due process and judicial impartiality, as well as the risks associated with algorithmic biases and transparency in decision-making are addressed. In addition, technical issues related to the procedural validity of digital evidence, chain of custody and verification of evidence generated or analyzed using AI are explored. Finally, the study identifies opportunities and proposes strategies to strengthen the use of AI in the judicial system, ensuring its application within principles of legality, equity and legal certainty.
This article analyzes the challenges faced by artificial intelligence (AI) in the valuation of digital evidence within the civil process in Colombia. Based on the study of judicial decisions issued between 2018 and 2024, the main legal and technical obstacles that arise with the incorporation of these technologies in the evidentiary field are examined. Issues such as the lack of a specific regulatory framework, the impact on due process and judicial impartiality, as well as the risks associated with algorithmic biases and transparency in decision-making are addressed. In addition, technical issues related to the procedural validity of digital evidence, chain of custody and verification of evidence generated or analyzed using AI are explored. Finally, the study identifies opportunities and proposes strategies to strengthen the use of AI in the judicial system, ensuring its application within principles of legality, equity and legal certainty.
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Serna Acosta, A. Y. (2025). Desafíos de la inteligencia artificial en la valoración de pruebas en el proceso civil